External Packages

Standard Packages

The Sage distribution includes most programs and libraries on which Sage depends. It installs them automatically if it does not find equivalent system packages.

• _prereq: Represents system packages required for installing SageMath from source

• alabaster: Default theme for the Sphinx documentation system

• appdirs: A small Python module for determining appropriate platform-specific dirs, e.g. a “user data dir”.

• appnope: Disable App Nap on macOS >= 10.9

• arb: Arbitrary-precision floating-point ball arithmetic

• argon2_cffi: The secure Argon2 password hashing algorithm

• asttokens: Annotate AST trees with source code positions

• attrs: Decorator for Python classes with attributes

• babel: Internationalization utilities for Python

• backcall: Specifications for callback functions

• backports_zoneinfo: Backport of the standard library zoneinfo module

• beautifulsoup4: Screen-scraping library

• beniget: Extract semantic information about static Python code

• bleach: An HTML-sanitizing tool

• boost_cropped: Portable C++ libraries (subset needed for Sage)

• brial: Boolean Ring Algebra implementation using binary decision diagrams

• bzip2: High-quality data compressor

• cddlib: Double description method for polyhedral representation conversion

• certifi: Python package for providing Mozilla’s CA Bundle

• cffi: Foreign Function Interface for Python calling C code

• charset_normalizer: The Real First Universal Charset Detector. Open, modern and actively maintained alternative to Chardet.

• cliquer: Routines for clique searching

• cmake: A cross-platform build system generator

• combinatorial_designs: Data from the Handbook of Combinatorial Designs

• contourpy: Python library for calculating contours of 2D quadrilateral grids

• conway_polynomials: Tables of Conway polynomials over finite fields

• cppy: C++ headers for C extension development

• curl: Multiprotocol data transfer library and utility

• cvxopt: Python software for convex optimization

• cycler: Composable cycles

• cypari2: Python interface to the number theory library libpari

• cysignals: Interrupt and signal handling for Cython

• cython: C-Extensions for Python, an optimizing static compiler

• dateutil: Extensions to the standard Python module datetime

• decorator: Python library providing decorators

• defusedxml: Addresses vulnerabilities of XML parsers and XML libraries

• deprecation: A library to handle automated deprecations

• distlib: Distribution utilities

• docutils: Processing plaintext documentation into useful formats, such as HTML or LaTeX

• ecl: An implementation of the Common Lisp language

• eclib: Enumerating and computing with elliptic curves defined over the rational numbers

• ecm: Elliptic curve method for integer factorization

• editables: Editable installations

• elliptic_curves: Databases of elliptic curves

• entrypoints: Discover and load entry points from installed Python packages

• executing: Get the currently executing AST node of a frame, and other information

• fastjsonschema: Fastest Python implementation of JSON schema

• fflas_ffpack: Dense linear algebra over word-size finite fields

• filelock: A platform independent file lock

• flint: Fast Library for Number Theory

• flintqs: Multi-polynomial quadratic sieve for integer factorization

• flit_core: Distribution-building parts of Flit. See flit package for more information

• fonttools: Tools to manipulate font files

• fplll: Lattice algorithms, including LLL with floating-point orthogonalization

• fpylll: Python interface for FPLLL

• freetype: A free, high-quality, and portable font engine

• furo: A clean customizable Sphinx documentation theme

• gap: Groups, Algorithms, Programming - a system for computational discrete algebra

• gast: Python AST that abstracts the underlying Python version

• gc: The Boehm-Demers-Weiser conservative garbage collector

• gcc: The GNU Compiler Collection or other suitable C and C++ compilers

• gengetopt: getopt_long parser generator

• gf2x: Fast arithmetic in GF(2)[x] and searching for irreducible/primitive trinomials

• gfan: Groebner fans and tropical varieties

• gfortran: Fortran compiler from the GNU Compiler Collection

• giac: A general purpose computer algebra system

• givaro: C++ library for arithmetic and algebraic computations

• glpk: GNU Linear Programming Kit

• gmp: Library for arbitrary precision arithmetic

• gmpy2: Python interface to GMP/MPIR, MPFR, and MPC

• gnulib: Modules imported from Gnulib

• graphs: A database of combinatorial graphs

• gsl: The GNU Scientific Library

• hatch_fancy_pypi_readme: Fancy PyPI READMEs with Hatch

• hatch_nodejs_version: Hatch plugin for versioning from a package.json file

• hatch_vcs: Hatch plugin for versioning with your preferred VCS

• hatchling: Modern, extensible Python build backend

• html5lib: An HTML parser

• iconv: Library for language/country-dependent character encodings

• idna: Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA)

• imagesize: Parser for image file metadata

• iml: Integer Matrix Library

• importlib_metadata: Library to access the metadata for a Python package

• importlib_resources: Read resources from Python packages

• ipykernel: IPython Kernel for Jupyter

• ipython: Interactive computing environment with an enhanced interactive Python shell

• ipython_genutils: Vestigial utilities from IPython

• ipywidgets: Interactive HTML widgets for Jupyter notebooks and the IPython kernel

• jedi: Static analysis tool providing IDE support for Python

• jinja2: General purpose template engine for Python

• jmol: Java viewer for chemical structures in 3D

• jsonschema: Python implementation of JSON Schema

• jupyter_client: Jupyter protocol implementation and client libraries

• jupyter_core: Jupyter core package

• jupyter_jsmol: JSmol viewer widget for Jupyter

• jupyter_packaging: Jupyter Packaging Utilities

• jupyter_sphinx: Jupyter Sphinx Extension

• jupyterlab_pygments: Pygments theme using JupyterLab CSS variables

• jupyterlab_widgets: Jupyter interactive widgets for JupyterLab

• kiwisolver: An implementation of the Cassowary constraint solving algorithm

• lcalc: L-function calculator

• libatomic_ops: Access hardware-provided atomic memory update operations

• libbraiding: Computing with braids

• libffi: A portable foreign-function interface library

• libgd: Dynamic graphics generation tool

• libhomfly: Compute the homfly polynomial of knots and links

• liblzma: General-purpose data compression software

• libpng: Bitmap image support

• linbox: Linear algebra with dense, sparse, structured matrices over the integers and finite fields

• lrcalc: Littlewood-Richardson calculator

• lrcalc_python: Littlewood-Richardson calculator

• m4ri: fast arithmetic with dense matrices over GF(2)

• m4rie: Arithmetic with dense matrices over GF(2^e)

• markupsafe: Safely add untrusted strings to HTML/XML markup

• mathjax: A JavaScript library for displaying mathematical formulas

• matplotlib: Python 2D plotting library

• matplotlib_inline: Inline Matplotlib backend for Jupyter

• maxima: System for manipulating symbolic and numerical expressions

• memory_allocator: An extension class to allocate memory easily with Cython

• meson: A high performance build system

• meson_python: Meson Python build backend (PEP 517)

• mistune: A markdown parser in pure Python

• mpc: Arithmetic of complex numbers with arbitrarily high precision and correct rounding

• mpfi: Multiple precision interval arithmetic library based on MPFR

• mpfr: Multiple-precision floating-point computations with correct rounding

• mpmath: Pure Python library for multiprecision floating-point arithmetic

• nauty: Find automorphism groups of graphs, generate non-isomorphic graphs

• nbclient: A client library for executing notebooks. Formerly nbconvert’s ExecutePreprocessor.

• nbconvert: Converting Jupyter Notebooks

• nbformat: Base implementation of the Jupyter notebook format

• ncurses: Classic terminal output library

• nest_asyncio: Patch asyncio to allow nested event loops

• networkx: Python package for complex networks

• ninja_build: A build system with a focus on speed

• notebook: Jupyter notebook, a web-based notebook environment for interactive computing

• ntl: A library for doing number theory

• numpy: Package for scientific computing with Python

• openblas: An optimized implementation of BLAS (Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms)

• openssl: Implementation of the SSL and TLS protocols

• packaging: Core utilities for Python packages

• palp: A package for Analyzing Lattice Polytopes

• pandocfilters: A Python module for writing pandoc filters

• pari: Computer algebra system for fast computations in number theory

• pari_galdata: PARI data package needed to compute Galois groups in degrees 8 through 11

• pari_seadata_small: PARI data package needed by ellap for large primes (small version)

• parso: A Python parser

• patch: Applies diffs and patches to files

• patchelf: A small utility to modify the dynamic linker and RPATH of ELF executables

• pathspec: Utility library for gitignore style pattern matching of file paths.

• pcre: Perl-compatible regular expressions library

• pexpect: Python module for controlling and automating other programs

• pickleshare: A ‘shelve’ like datastore with concurrency support

• pillow: Python Imaging Library

• pip: Tool for installing and managing Python packages

• pkgconf: An implementation of the pkg-config spec

• pkgconfig: Python interface to pkg-config

• planarity: Planarity-related graph algorithms

• platformdirs: A small Python module for determining appropriate platform-specific dirs, e.g. a “user data dir”.

• pluggy: plugin and hook calling mechanisms for python

• ply: Python Lex & Yacc

• poetry_core: Poetry PEP 517 Build Backend

• polytopes_db: Databases of 2- and 3-dimensional reflexive polytopes

• ppl: Parma Polyhedra Library

• pplpy: Python interface to the Parma Polyhedra Library

• pplpy_doc: Python interface to the Parma Polyhedra Library (documentation)

• primecount: Algorithms for counting primes

• primecountpy: Cython interface for C++ primecount library

• primesieve: CLI program and C/C++ library for generating primes

• prometheus_client: Python client for the systems monitoring and alerting toolkit Prometheus

• prompt_toolkit: Interactive command lines for Python

• ptyprocess: Python interaction with subprocesses in a pseudoterminal

• pure_eval: Safely evaluate AST nodes without side effects

• py: library with cross-python path, ini-parsing, io, code, log facilities

• pybind11: Create Python bindings to C++ code

• pycparser: Parser of the C language in Python

• pycygwin: Python bindings for Cygwin’s C API

• pygments: Generic syntax highlighter

• pyparsing: A Python parsing module

• pyproject_metadata: PEP 621 metadata parsing

• pyrsistent: Persistent data structures in Python

• python3: The Python programming language

• pythran: Ahead of Time compiler for numeric kernels

• pytz: Timezone definitions for Python

• pytz_deprecation_shim: Shims to make deprecation of pytz easier

• pyzmq: Python bindings for the zeromq networking library

• qhull: Compute convex hulls, Delaunay triangulations, Voronoi diagrams

• readline: Command line editing library

• requests: An HTTP library for Python

• rpy2: Python interface to R

• rw: Compute rank-width and rank-decompositions

• sage_conf: Configuration module for the SageMath library (distributable version)

• Sage: Open Source Mathematics Software: Build system of the Sage documentation

• sage-setup: Build system of the SageMath library

• sagemath_doc_html: SageMath documentation in HTML format

• sagenb_export: Convert legacy SageNB notebooks to Jupyter notebooks and other formats

• sagetex: Embed code, results of computations, and plots from Sage into LaTeX documents

• scipy: Scientific tools for Python

• send2trash: Send file to trash natively under Mac OS X, Windows and Linux

• setuptools: Build system for Python packages

• setuptools_scm: Python build system extension to obtain package version from version control

• setuptools_scm_git_archive: setuptools_scm plugin for git archives

• setuptools_wheel: Build the setuptools package as a wheel

• simplegeneric: Simple single-dispatch generic functions for Python

• singular: Computer algebra system for polynomial computations, algebraic geometry, singularity theory

• six: Python 2 and 3 compatibility utilities

• snowballstemmer: Stemmer algorithms for natural language processing in Python

• soupsieve: A modern CSS selector implementation for Beautiful Soup.

• sphinx: Python documentation generator

• sphinx_basic_ng: A modern skeleton for Sphinx themes.

• sphinxcontrib_applehelp: Sphinx extension which outputs Apple help book

• sphinxcontrib_devhelp: Sphinx extension which outputs Devhelp documents

• sphinxcontrib_htmlhelp: Sphinx extension which outputs HTML help book

• sphinxcontrib_jsmath: Sphinx extension which renders display math in HTML via JavaScript

• sphinxcontrib_qthelp: Sphinx extension which outputs QtHelp documents

• sphinxcontrib_serializinghtml: Sphinx extension which outputs serialized HTML files

• sphinxcontrib_websupport: Sphinx API for Web apps

• sqlite: An SQL database engine

• stack_data: Extract data from python stack frames and tracebacks for informative displays

• suitesparse: A suite of sparse matrix software

• symmetrica: Library for representation theory

• sympow: Computes special values of symmetric power elliptic curve L-functions

• sympy: Python library for symbolic mathematics

• tachyon: A ray tracing system

• terminado: Tornado websocket backend for the term.js Javascript terminal emulator library

• threejs: JavaScript library to display 3D graphics in the browser

• tinycss2: A tiny CSS parser

• toml: Python Library for Tom’s Obvious, Minimal Language

• tomli: A lil’ TOML parser

• tomlkit: Style preserving TOML library

• tornado: Python web framework and asynchronous networking library

• tox: tox is a generic virtualenv management and test command line tool

• traitlets: Traitlets Python configuration system

• typing_extensions: Backported and Experimental Type Hints for Python 3.5+

• tzdata: Provider of IANA time zone data

• tzlocal: Python timezone information for the local timezone

• urllib3: HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post, and more.

• vcversioner: Python build system extension to obtain package version from version control

• virtualenv: Virtual Python Environment builder

• wcwidth: Measures the displayed width of unicode strings in a terminal

• webencodings: Character encoding aliases for legacy web content

• wheel: A built-package format for Python

• widgetsnbextension: Jupyter notebook extension for interactive HTML widgets

• xz: General-purpose data compression software

• zeromq: A modern networking library

• zipp: A pathlib-compatible zipfile object wrapper

• zlib: Data compression library

Optional Packages

For additional functionality, you can install some of the following optional packages.

• 4ti2: Algebraic, geometric and combinatorial problems on linear spaces

• _bootstrap: Represents system packages required for running the top-level bootstrap script

• _develop: Represents system packages recommended for development

• _recommended: Represents system packages recommended for additional functionality

• _sagemath: Downstream package of Sage in distributions

• admcycles: Computation in the tautological ring of the moduli space of curves

• antic: Algebraic Number Theory In C

• auditwheel_or_delocate: Repair wheels on Linux or macOS

• benzene: Generate fusenes and benzenoids with a given number of faces

• biopython: Tools for computational molecular biology

• bliss: Computing automorphism groups and canonical forms of graphs

• buckygen: Efficient generation of nonisomorphic fullerenes

• cbc: COIN-OR branch and cut solver for mixed-integer programs

• ccache: A compiler cache

• coxeter3: Library for Coxeter groups, Bruhat ordering, Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials

• cryptominisat: A SAT solver

• csdp: Solver for semidefinite programs

• cunningham_tables: List of the prime numbers occuring in the Cunningham table

• cylp: A Python interface for CLP, CBC, and CGL

• d3js: JavaScript library for manipulating documents based on data

• database_cremona_ellcurve: Database of elliptic curves

• database_cubic_hecke: Ivan Marin’s representations of the cubic Hecke algebra

• database_jones_numfield: Table of number fields

• database_knotinfo: Content of the KnotInfo and LinkInfo databases as lists of dictionaries

• database_kohel: Database of modular and Hilbert polynomials

• database_mutation_class: Database of exceptional mutation classes of quivers

• database_odlyzko_zeta: Table of zeros of the Riemann zeta function

• database_stein_watkins: Database of elliptic curves (full version)

• database_stein_watkins_mini: Database of elliptic curves (small version)

• database_symbolic_data: Database from the SymbolicData project

• debugpy: An implementation of the Debug Adapter Protocol for Python

• dot2tex: Create PGF/TikZ commands from Graphviz output

• dsdp: Semidefinite programming solver

• e_antic: Real embedded number fields

• ffmpeg: ffmpeg video converter

• fricas: A general purpose computer algebra system

• frobby: Computations on monomial ideals

• gap_jupyter: Jupyter kernel for GAP

• gap_packages: A collection of GAP packages

• git: Version control system

• github_cli: Command-line interface for GitHub

• gitpython: GitPython is a python library used to interact with Git repositories

• glucose: A SAT solver

• gp2c: A compiler for translating GP routines to C

• graphviz: Graph visualization software

• igraph: A library for creating and manipulating graphs

• ImageMagick: A collection of tools and libraries for many image file formats

• info: stand-alone Info documentation reader

• ipympl: Matplotlib Jupyter Extension

• isl: Sets and relations of integer points bounded by affine constraints

• jupymake: A Python wrapper for the polymake shell

• jupyterlab: An extensible environment for interactive and reproducible computing

• kenzo: Construct topological spaces and compute homology groups

• kissat: SAT solver

• latte_int: Count lattice points, compute volumes, and integrate over convex polytopes

• libgraphviz: Graph visualization software (callable library)

• libnauty: Find automorphism groups of graphs, generate non-isomorphic graphs (callable library)

• libogg: Library for the Ogg multimedia container format

• libsemigroups: Library for semigroups and monoids

• libxml2: XML parser and toolkit

• lidia: A library for computational number theory

• llvm: The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure, including the Clang C/C++/Objective-C compiler

• lrslib: Reverse search algorithm for vertex enumeration and convex hull problems

• mathics: A general-purpose computer algebra system

• mathics_scanner: Character Tables and Tokenizer for Mathics and the Wolfram Language.

• mcqd: An exact algorithm for finding a maximum clique in an undirected graph

• meataxe: Library for computing with modular representations

• p_group_cohomology: Modular cohomology rings of finite groups

• mpfrcx: Arithmetic of univariate polynomials over arbitrary precision real or complex numbers

• msolve: Multivariate polynomial system solver

• nibabel: Access a multitude of neuroimaging data formats

• nodeenv: A tool to create isolated node.js environments

• nodejs: A JavaScript runtime built on Chrome’s V8 JavaScript engine

• normaliz: Computations in affine monoids, vector configurations, lattice polytopes, and rational cones

• notedown: Create IPython notebooks from markdown

• onetbb: oneAPI Threading Building Blocks

• ore_algebra: Ore algebra

• p_group_cohomology: Modular cohomology rings of finite groups

• palettable: Color palettes for Python

• pandoc: A document converter

• pandoc_attributes: A parser and generator for pandoc block attributes

• papilo: Parallel presolve for integer and linear optimization

• pari_elldata: PARI data package for elliptic curves

• pari_galpol: PARI data package for polynomials defining Galois extensions of the rationals

• pari_jupyter: A Jupyter kernel for PARI/GP

• pari_nftables: PARI data package for number fields

• pari_seadata: PARI data package needed by ellap for large primes (full version)

• pdf2svg - PDF to SVG convertor

• perl_cpan_polymake_prereq: Represents all Perl packages that are prerequisites for polymake

• perl_mongodb: A prerequisite for polymake’s PolyDB feature

• perl_term_readline_gnu: Perl extension for the GNU Readline/History libraries

• phitigra: A graph editor for SageMath/Jupyter

• pint: Physical quantities module

• plantri: Generate non-isomorphic sphere-embdedded graphs

• polymake: Computations with polyhedra, fans, simplicial complexes, matroids, graphs, tropical hypersurfaces

• polytopes_db_4d: Database of 4-dimensional reflexive polytopes

• pybtex: A BibTeX-compatible bibliography processor in Python

• pycosat: SAT solver picosat with Python bindings

• pycryptosat: Python module of cryptominisat

• pyflakes: Passive checker of Python programs

• pygraphviz: Python interface to Graphviz

• pynormaliz: Python bindings for the normaliz library

• pyppeteer: Headless chrome/chromium automation library

• pyscipopt: Python interface and modeling environment for SCIP

• pysingular: A basic Python interface to Singular

• pytest: Simple powerful testing with Python

• pytest_mock: Thin-wrapper around the mock package for easier use with pytest

• pytest_xdist: pytest xdist plugin for distributed testing and loop-on-failing modes

• python_build: A simple, correct PEP517 package builder

• python_igraph: Python bindings for igraph

• pyx: Generate PostScript, PDF, and SVG files in Python

• r: A free software environment for statistical computing and graphics

• retrolab: JupyterLab Distribution with a retro look and feel

• rst2ipynb: Convert reStructuredText files to Jupyter notebooks

• rubiks: Programs for Rubik’s cube

• saclib: Computations with real algebraic numbers

• sage_flatsurf: computation with flat surfaces

• sage_numerical_backends_coin: COIN-OR backend for Sage MixedIntegerLinearProgram

• sage_numerical_backends_cplex: Cplex backend for Sage MixedIntegerLinearProgram

• sage_numerical_backends_gurobi: Gurobi backend for Sage MixedIntegerLinearProgram

• sage_sws2rst: Translate legacy Sage worksheet files (.sws) to reStructuredText (.rst) files

• sagemath_doc_pdf: SageMath documentation in PDF format

• scip: Mixed integer programming solver

• scip_sdp: Mixed integer semidefinite programming plugin for SCIP

• singular_jupyter: Jupyter kernel for Singular

• sirocco: Compute topologically certified root continuation of bivariate polynomials

• slabbe: Sébastien Labbé’s Research code

• snappy: Topology and geometry of 3-manifolds, with a focus on hyperbolic structures

• soplex: Linear optimization solver using the revised simplex method

• sqlalchemy: A database abstraction library

• surface_dynamics: dynamics on surfaces (measured foliations, interval exchange transformation, Teichmüller flow, etc)

• symengine: A C++ symbolic manipulation library

• tdlib: Algorithms for computing tree decompositions

• texlive: A comprehensive TeX system

• texttable: Python module for creating simple ASCII tables

• tides: Integration of ODEs

• topcom: Compute triangulations of point configurations and oriented matroids

Experimental Packages

Some packages that provide additional functionality are marked as “experimental”. Developers are needed in order to improve the integration of these packages into the Sage distribution.

• awali: Computation of/with finite state machines

• barvinok: Projections of integer point sets of parametric polytopes

• cocoalib: Computations in commutative algebra

• deformation: Count points on hypersurfaces using the deformation method

• gambit: Computations on finite, noncooperative games

• gap3: A minimal distribution of GAP 3 containing packages that have no equivalent in GAP 4

• gdb: The GNU Project debugger

• libtheora: Library for the Theora video codec

• lie: Library for the representation theory of complex semisimple Lie groups and algebras

• modular_decomposition: A modular decomposition algorithm

• polylib: Operations on unions of polyhedra

• qepcad: Quantifier elimination by partial cylindrical algebraic decomposition

• r_jupyter: Jupyter kernel for R

• Sage: Open Source Mathematics Software: Sage categories and basic rings

• Sage: Open Source Mathematics Software: System and software environment

• Sage: Open Source Mathematics Software: Sage objects, elements, parents, categories, coercion, metaclasses

• Sage: Open Source Mathematics Software: IPython kernel, Sage preparser, doctester

• surf: Visualization of algebraic curves, algebraic surfaces and hyperplane sections of surfaces

• symengine_py: Python wrappers for SymEngine

• valgrind: Memory error detector, call graph generator, runtime profiler

All External Packages

• Details of external packages